Tropical tank scaping forex

To avoid waste, give the feeds slowly, by handful, until the fish stop eating. If the fish remains small after giving them the necessary feed, provide them with 30 kilograms of farmyard manure. Add 5 to 10 per cent carbohydrates in the feed to enhance the stock growth rate. Trash feed should be fresh to maintain the nutritive value.

Never overfeed since the excess would only pollute the water causing death or stunted growth. Mating and spawning. Female catfish ready to spawn or to produce offspring when it build its nest of debris or roots of aquatic plants like water hyacinths, kangkong, or filamentous algae.

It spawns in shallow water, 30 cm to 60 cm deep. Male and female catfish starts courting by chasing each other, darting sideways, pressing their abdominal regions together. This constantly movement is repeated several times until the females releases the eggs and male milt or sperms is simultaneously ejaculated. Fertilization takes place at 27o to 30oC water temperature. The number of eggs laid range from a few hundreds to several thousands.

Never scrimp on feeds especially during this period, remember that catfish are cannibalistic and quarrelsome. If the parent fish are very hungry, they may gobble up the young as quickly as any other food that come their way. One drawback that discourages people from catfish farming is the lack of fingerlings. The following process will assure you a continuous supply of fingerlings. The two methods effecting spawning is by hormone injection. Both methods use the most gravid or pregnant females and healthy.

The body of the pregnant hito is distended prominently, the genital part pinkies, and the blood vessels on its belly prominent. The natural method entails injecting hormones to gravid females and male catfish through their coal regions or bases located on the posterior side of the pelvic fin.

Use commercial hormone preparation like gonadotropin or synahorin. If these preparations are not available, use fresh of fish. Each female hito should be receive to IU international units of gonadotropin, while each male, 50 IU. Wrap fish in a small net so they will not struggle during injection. After injection, put the male and female together in an oxygenated tank provided with an improvised fish nest made of cabo negro blank palm fibers. The stripping method requires several male catfish milters to be killed.

Extract sperm by macerating the testes in the distilled water. A gram breeder produces 8, to 15, eggs. Mix eggs with sperm and stir for a minute. Spread eggs thinly over hatching troughs which are immersed in running water with a temperature of 26o to 36oC. Eggs will hatch 24 to 36 hours later.

Transfer the hatch larvae in basins half-filled with water. The young fish will absorb all the egg yolk in 5 days. After this period, they will begin to swim active and take food. You can rear 15, to 20, fries in a space of 1 x 3 x 6 m. Minute organisms are the best food for the fry at the early stage.

Twenty thousand 20, fry needs 20, liters 1 of zooplankton every morning plus a kilo of fish flesh and g of peanut cake in the afternoon. After one week, fry should have grown to 1. Pond-raised catfish are usually attacked by bacterial diseases. Aeromonas spp. When catfish lose their equilibrium, are pale, their abdominal area tight with a distended anterior, and their peritoneal cavity filled with bloody excretion , they are suffering from pseudomonas spp.

The usual sources are diseased fishes and frogs. Therefore, preventive measure must be taken during transporting and before stocking the fish. One method is to add penicillin and streptomycin to the water at the rate of 10 to 50 milligrams of per liter. The rearing period depends upon the size of fingerlings stocked.

Aquascapes like all art forms have a plethora of rules of guidance and application these rules exist to guide us towards success and often will do but remember rules exist only to guide the skilled artists can actually enhance their work by bending or breaking the accepted rules if done so in the right artistic manner. Very important guidance One tool used by artists throughout history is known as the golden ratio.

This is a ratio found in many places in nature which humans find satisfying or beautiful. Due to this effect we often subconsciously produce art using this ratio. Planting: Now the planting begins.. The Christmas Moss is so called because of its side branch structure which looks like a fur tree. James add some riccardia chamedryfolia to the top of the largest piece of wood by wedging it into the gaps using pin sets. Now the aquarium is part filled with water. Before water is added it can be beneficial to wet the substrate with a spray as this will hold it in place slightly as more water is added.

Sometimes when water is added the substrate can shift and some pieces will float to the surface so this technique helps to prevent this. James adds Hydrophilic using aquascape in sets. The next plant is echinodorus tenellus which James plants across the back adding heights of a background.

Next rotala walachi is added to the back metal this is a lovely plant which under good lighting develops red chute tips resulting in a gradient effect from green at the bottom to pinky red at the top. He adds some more Hygrophila in various of the locations around the hardscape giving a more natural and wild look to the layout.

Now he adds hygrophila pinnatifida up tights against the main piece of wood. The first step is to add ADA Bio Rio as the bottom layer within the filter, this is a pumice stone with a porous surface providing a large surface area for beneficial bacteria to live on this bacteria filters the water by breaking down the dead plant and animal matter into less harmful substances that may be consumed by the plant.

Next we have seachem purigen which improves water clarity whilst filtering the water making it better for plants and fish Next ADA Tourmaline F is added then a layer of filter wool which serves as a physical barrier. Now the superjet metal spacer is added so that the flow is not reduced at the top of the filter then the rubber seal is put in place before the pump is added to the top and clamped shut. The filter is now moved into position under the stand. Filter pipe has been connected to the inlet and outlet of the filter.

This support system is not necessity for all aquarium. Depending upon the type of aquarium you are planning to setup, research whether CO2 system is really required or not. But enjoy reading this steps involved in below segment The length of pressure resistant tubing approximately thirty centimeters is cut and used to join the CO2 regulator and the L valve otherwise known as a solenoid valve. The regulator is attached to the CO2 bottle and controls the rate of CO2 flow.

Some silicon tubing is used to connect the solenoid to a non-return valve here you can see a small arrow show in the direction of CO2 flow so you know which way round to connect it The reason silicon tubing is used at this stage is because glassware is very fragile and may break easily if trying to fit pressure resistant tubing the amount of CO2 that escapes is only small.

Suckers are used to stick the tube to the glass aquarium.

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Scalping may not be suitable for all traders and, personally, I do not recommend scalping to anyone. The simplest scalping Forex trading system is presented here. No example chart is present for this trading system as there is nothing important to be shown on the chart. A thick carpet of plants is vital. How to Aquascape Step 1: Planning Your Layout Before you begin you should try to get an idea of the size of the aquarium you want to use as well as the style you would like to reproduce.

Try and think of what the final design will look like as well as the types of hardscapes like rocks or wood. Also, consider the species of both fauna and flora which will inhabit the tank. You will also need to plan the position of your aquarium. Avoid placing the tank somewhere where it will get a lot of direct sunlight as this will promote unwanted algae growth. Also avoid any areas near heat sources as an increased temperature will have the same effect. Somewhere cool and out of direct sunlight is ideal.

Step 2: Choosing and Adding Substrate This will depend on what style of aquascaping you want to follow. General sand and gravel will play no part in plant growth — for this, soil works best. Try to find a soil which has a high nutrient content and that will maintain a neutral or slightly acidic pH to promote healthy plant growth. Before adding the soil to the aquarium, you should first place a lava granulate base. This will act as a stable support for large stones, as well as providing gaps to loosen the soil and allow for nutrient and water circulation.

Once this is done, you can add the soil in the specific layout which you designed. Step 3: Hardscaping Once again, the choice of the type of hardscape will depend on the type of setup you are trying to complete. Hardscapes are primarily made up of rock, stones, driftwood or bogwood.

Step 4: Planting the Aquarium Plants should be placed into the substrate using tweezers and should be pushed down about an inch into the soil to prevent them from breaking loose and detaching. Step 5: Adding the Water The water should be added carefully so as not to displace the substrate. There are a few methods you can use. Firstly, you could choose to place a small bowl on top of the substrate and gently pour water in.

You could also choose to fill the aquarium slowly using a very thin siphon. Step 6: Cycle the Aquarium Allow up to 6 weeks for the aquarium to complete the nitrogen cycle. This allows for the development and growth of beneficial bacteria which aid in converting ammonia and nitrites which can kill any fish you place in the tank. Step 7: Choosing and Adding Fish The species you choose to add is totally up to you, just be sure to only add fish that are not going to get too large for the aquarium.

Instead, allow for them to acclimatize to the water conditions. This can be done by placing the bag they came in into the tank for about 10 minutes and after this period slowly add small cup sized quantities of tank water to the bag every 5 minutes until it is full.

At this point you may release them into the tank. Aquascape Equipment Regardless of the style you pick, there are certain pieces of equipment that are essential. Lighting Lighting is essential for maintaining a healthy ecosystem — it is needed for plant photosynthesis and growth.

The lighting must reflect around 6, Kelvin. There are three different types of lighting setups that are suitable for planted aquariums. T5 fluorescent bulbs — They provide a nice range of light but can be a bit expensive and are less efficient than LED lights. LEDs — These are our preferred choice and are highly efficient. LEDs can last for as long as 50, hours and have minimal heat emission. Metal halides — They are extremely inefficient and can get very hot, however they are a good option for deeper aquariums.

Aquascape Pumps There are two types of pumps that can be used in these setups. The first type is an air pump which provides the aquarium or pond with an essential source of dissolved oxygen. Water pumps are the second type that can be used. These pumps are generally used in outdoor ponds to create waterfall effects. Substrate There are a few substrates to choose from when aquascaping. The most common substrate for planted aquariums is soil — this provides essential nutrients for healthy plant growth.

Gravel and sand are also used but this is mostly for their visual appearance as they come in various colors and sizes. CO2 and Fertilizers Carbon dioxide CO2 is a vital component for the photosynthetic growth processes of all plants including the ones in your aquariums. There are two ways of adding CO2 to your aquarium: liquid or gas injection. Pressurized CO2 gas injection systems can be expensive, but they are efficient for maintaining the concentration of CO2 at around ppm which is the ideal figure.

Yeast and aerosol methods are generally less efficient and only useful for smaller aquariums. Liquid Carbon fertilizers do not provide CO2 as efficiently compared to gas injection. This results in slower plant growth, so it is more commonly used in smaller aquariums. Ornaments For aquascaping, there are two main types of ornaments: wood bogwood or driftwood and rocks. There are many different kinds of rocks which are safe to use within the aquarium. The type of ornaments used will vary with the type of setup more on this later.

Aquascape Ideas Usually aquascapers tend to take inspiration from the things they see day to day in nature or from other tanks. Sometimes it can take a long time to come up with an idea, so below we have a few examples to help get you started. Waterfall An aquascape waterfall is not flowing water that runs down off rocks and into the tank. This mimics a natural landscape waterfall. This waterfall effect can be made by using a piece of piping with an air pump at the bottom and a hole for the gravel to fall into the tube.

Once in the tube, the grains of sand will be blown up through the tube by the air bubbles and be pushed out of the top with a U-shaped bend pointing back towards the substrate. They will sink back to the bottom of the tank and the process is repeated. All that is left to do then is cover it with rocks and sit back and watch it flow. Pools Aquascape pools are usually made in paludariums a tank that comprises both terrestrial and aquatic life.

Some paludariums have a large amount of terrestrial planted areas with only a small pool of water which can mimic bogs, rainforest pools or small streams. They can be created by adding a substrate stop to the base of the aquarium to separate the false bottom of the terrestrial part from the aquarium soil substrate.

Place a substrate barrier to the terrestrial side before adding the substrate and plants. Then plant the aquatic plants in the pool section before adding the water and inhabitants.

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Liquid fertilizers Liquid fertilizer for aquatic plants. Think of fertilizers as of vitamins and minerals your body needs to stay healthy and strong. Depending on the lighting and CO2 systems of the aquarium, there are two types of fertilizers you can use to keep it healthy: macronutrients and micronutrients.

They both need to be dosed properly to create an appropriate aquatic environment. Hardscape materials Aquarium Driftwood and Rocks Aquarium driftwood. This is what ornaments represent in aquascaping. The plants are not enough to secure the aesthetic of an aquarium. You need to add rocks, wood, gravel, cosmetic sand etc.

Hardscape materials are the essential elements which ensure the design and layout part of the entire aquascaping process. Substrates and Aquasoils Aquasoil used in aquascaping. Aquascape plants feed not only through their leaves, they also feed through their roots, which makes a correct selection of aquascaping substrate very important.

Depending on the plants you want to grow small foreground, tall background etc. Rules Concerning Aquascaping Visual Composition and Design Aquascaping may be a form of art in which imagination and creativity play an essential role. Mastering the backbone of this process is elementary if you want to be a successful aquascaper.

Measure is very important in nature, and aquascaping makes no exception. You want your tank to not only please your eye, but make it wonder in the right places. Your fish must feel comfortable. You want your plants to grow to their full potential. You can do all that by following a set of truly mathematical rules. Yes, before being wonderful, unpredictable and diverse, nature is mathematical. Aquascaping and the Rule of Thirds It is true that beauty stands in the eye of the beholder, but it is also true the eye of the beholder can be easily controlled.

Any artist knows it and takes advantage of it. Aquascaping is all about creating enchanting visuals. You do that by suggesting the eye where to look at first and what to glide towards next. The rule of thirds refers exactly at how we can use imaginary guidelines so that we know how to place certain elements within our scape in such a way that we are able to control what the eye of the viewer sees.

In order to understand how the rule of thirds works, try depicting an image as divided into nine equal parts by two equally spaced horizontal lines and two equally spaced vertical lines. The Rule of Thirds Applied to Aquascaping. The purpose of these imaginary lines is actually to locate the intersection points of the grid, where you can establish the focal point of the image.

Placing the focal point in the middle of your tank would take away from what is happening around. The Golden Ratio Simply put, the golden ratio is a number obtained by dividing a line into two parts in such a way that if you divide the longer part by the smaller part the result is equal to the whole part divided by the longer part. The Golden Ratio in Aquascaping. In both art and mathematics as well as in nature, the golden ratio is strictly connected with the creation of a focal point.

In aquascaping, this would be the point the eye is directed towards at a first glance. It basically tells him where to look at first and where to go from there. Every aquascape should have at least one focal point. In the case of smaller tanks, there should be only one focal point and several secondary points of interest.

When it comes to larger aquariums, it is necessary that you create more than one focal point. One or two should still remain the main attraction s. Creating focal points in aquascaping. The most renowned styles of aquascaping make use of the rules described above. Whether we are talking about the Nature Aquarium or Iwagumi style, they all start with the creation of focal points by implementing the golden ratio rule.

Aquascaping Styles Like any form of art, aquascaping offers a variety of approaches and styles. Each person has their own taste and their own expectations and desires from their scaped aquariums. There are four major types of aquascaping styles, each of them having particular characteristics and unique features: the Dutch Aquarium, Iwagumi style, the Nature Aqurium and the less difficult Jungle style.

Below is a short description of these four main styles. Dutch Aquarium style. The main focus is placed on the height, colour and texture of a wide variety of aquatic plants. The basic technique of construction is the terracing approach. It may look easy to accomplish, but the truth is aquascapers need to possess a great quantity of knowledge regarding different plants in order to create an aesthetically pleasing Dutch style aquascape.

Inspired from the Japanese gardening style, this type of aquascape looks easy to create at a first glance. As opposed to the Dutch style, which only makes use of plants, the implementation of the Iwagumi aquascaping style is based on the design of an arrangement of rocks hardscape , their positioning being particularly careful. Only 1 to 3 species of aquatic plants are used. Iwagumi Style in Aquascaping. The use of low-growing plants is very common in order to enhance their natural beauty and their disposal.

The typical setup for an Iwagumi aquascape involves the use of three main stones. The larger one is called the big Buddha. Two smaller stones attending stones are added afterwards, to complete the design. In order to create a sense of unity and harmony to the tank, it is important to use stones that have the same color and texture.

Opposed to the Iwagumi style, the Nature Aquarium is all about creating interesting visual contrasts, tension and complexity. A dense forest recreated as a Nature Aquarium. Hootan Maftoonian. The Nature Aquarium style aims to create a scape that resembles a landscape or image from the natural world. Most common Nature Aquarium aquascapes depict underwater versions of rainforests, mountains, hillsides, beaches or valleys.

By far the best aquascapers employing the Nature Aquarium style are the ones from Asia and Brazil. Firstly, you could choose to place a small bowl on top of the substrate and gently pour water in. You could also choose to fill the aquarium slowly using a very thin siphon. Step 6: Cycle the Aquarium Allow up to 6 weeks for the aquarium to complete the nitrogen cycle.

This allows for the development and growth of beneficial bacteria which aid in converting ammonia and nitrites which can kill any fish you place in the tank. Step 7: Choosing and Adding Fish The species you choose to add is totally up to you, just be sure to only add fish that are not going to get too large for the aquarium. Instead, allow for them to acclimatize to the water conditions. This can be done by placing the bag they came in into the tank for about 10 minutes and after this period slowly add small cup sized quantities of tank water to the bag every 5 minutes until it is full.

At this point you may release them into the tank. Aquascape Equipment Regardless of the style you pick, there are certain pieces of equipment that are essential. Lighting Lighting is essential for maintaining a healthy ecosystem — it is needed for plant photosynthesis and growth. The lighting must reflect around 6, Kelvin. There are three different types of lighting setups that are suitable for planted aquariums.

T5 fluorescent bulbs — They provide a nice range of light but can be a bit expensive and are less efficient than LED lights. LEDs — These are our preferred choice and are highly efficient. LEDs can last for as long as 50, hours and have minimal heat emission. Metal halides — They are extremely inefficient and can get very hot, however they are a good option for deeper aquariums. Aquascape Pumps There are two types of pumps that can be used in these setups.

The first type is an air pump which provides the aquarium or pond with an essential source of dissolved oxygen. Water pumps are the second type that can be used. These pumps are generally used in outdoor ponds to create waterfall effects. Substrate There are a few substrates to choose from when aquascaping. The most common substrate for planted aquariums is soil — this provides essential nutrients for healthy plant growth. Gravel and sand are also used but this is mostly for their visual appearance as they come in various colors and sizes.

CO2 and Fertilizers Carbon dioxide CO2 is a vital component for the photosynthetic growth processes of all plants including the ones in your aquariums. There are two ways of adding CO2 to your aquarium: liquid or gas injection. Pressurized CO2 gas injection systems can be expensive, but they are efficient for maintaining the concentration of CO2 at around ppm which is the ideal figure.

Yeast and aerosol methods are generally less efficient and only useful for smaller aquariums. Liquid Carbon fertilizers do not provide CO2 as efficiently compared to gas injection. This results in slower plant growth, so it is more commonly used in smaller aquariums. Ornaments For aquascaping, there are two main types of ornaments: wood bogwood or driftwood and rocks.

There are many different kinds of rocks which are safe to use within the aquarium. The type of ornaments used will vary with the type of setup more on this later. Aquascape Ideas Usually aquascapers tend to take inspiration from the things they see day to day in nature or from other tanks. Sometimes it can take a long time to come up with an idea, so below we have a few examples to help get you started. Waterfall An aquascape waterfall is not flowing water that runs down off rocks and into the tank.

This mimics a natural landscape waterfall. This waterfall effect can be made by using a piece of piping with an air pump at the bottom and a hole for the gravel to fall into the tube. Once in the tube, the grains of sand will be blown up through the tube by the air bubbles and be pushed out of the top with a U-shaped bend pointing back towards the substrate. They will sink back to the bottom of the tank and the process is repeated.

All that is left to do then is cover it with rocks and sit back and watch it flow. Pools Aquascape pools are usually made in paludariums a tank that comprises both terrestrial and aquatic life. Some paludariums have a large amount of terrestrial planted areas with only a small pool of water which can mimic bogs, rainforest pools or small streams.

They can be created by adding a substrate stop to the base of the aquarium to separate the false bottom of the terrestrial part from the aquarium soil substrate. Place a substrate barrier to the terrestrial side before adding the substrate and plants. Then plant the aquatic plants in the pool section before adding the water and inhabitants. Rocks Aquascaping often uses rocks or stones as the focal point of the aquarium. There are numerous different types that can be used, and they can vary in price.

The type of style you choose will depend on how you will layout rocks and stones within the aquarium. Iwagumi style mainly uses rocks as the only hardscape within the tank. Rock like Pagoda or Seiryu Ryuoh stone, are safe to use in the aquarium and are often arranged in elaborate pattern. Betta Aquascape Betta tanks are a popular choice for aquascaping.

If this is the tank for you then it can be arranged with a centerpiece of bog or driftwood. The substrate can be soil that can be planted with certain plant species like Anubias. Other species like Needle Leaf Java Fern or Christmas Moss can be attached to the driftwood to create a more natural look.

A plant like Rotala Green can be added to the background of the tank. A floating species like Amazonian Frogbit can also be added to provide shaded areas and help reduce algae. Best Plants for Aquascaping There are many different types of plants that can be used for aquascaping. As well as being visually pleasing, they are also proven to provide a form of filtration, shelter for fish as well as helping to combat algae growth.

Carpeting plants are planted into the substrate and in the correct conditions will form a lush green carpet along the bottom of the aquarium. Floating plants can provide shelter as well as helping to provide partial shade which helps to fight against unwanted algae growth. Mosses are some of the most commonly used species. Plants like Anubias, Amazonian Swords, Ludwigia repens and Jungle Vallisneria are all great options for background plants. Nano Aquascape A nano aquarium is a tank that holds 10 gallons or less in volume.

For example, you may choose to add lava rock as a stable base and soil substrate to optimize plant growth.