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Antiquity Amiens, the Roman Samarobriva, was the central settlement of the Ambiani, one of the principal tribes of Gaul, who were issuing coinage, probably from Amiens, in the 1st century BC. By tradition, it was at the gates of Amiens that Saint Martin of Tours, at the time still a Roman soldier, shared his cloak with a naked beggar. The prosperity of the city made it a target for barbarian tribes such as the Alans, the Burgundians or the Vandals.

They conquered the city several times. Middle Ages During the 5th century, Chlodio rose to power among the Franks, and Merovech was elected in Amiens by his comrades in arms. Normans sacked the city and again in During the second sacking, the city's cathedral was burned. In the city was recognized by the King of France; the city was joined to the Crown of France in The arbitrations led to Louis deciding on the Mise of Amiens — a one-sided settlement in favor of Henry.

This decision almost immediately led to the outbreak of the Barons' War. After six months of siege, the forces of Henry IV regained control of the city and put an end to its autonomous rule. During the 18th and 19th century, the textile tradition of Amiens became famous for its velours. The Cosserat family rose to prominence as one of the wealthiest of Amiens' textile manufacturing families.

In the provinces of France were dismantled and the territory was organised into departments. Much of Picardy became the newly-created department of Somme, with Amiens as the departmental capital. In November , British and French delegates began discussing terms of peace at the Amiens Congress. During the 19th century, Amiens began to feel the effects of the industrial revolution. The city walls were demolished, opening up space for large boulevards around the town centre.

The Henriville neighborhood in the south of the city was developed around this time. In , the first railway arrived in Amiens, linking the city to Boulogne-sur-Mer. After this time, the city began to grow beyond the river and into the surrounding hills. Early science fiction author Jules Verne took up residence in Amiens in , having met his wife there at a wedding in He was later elected city councilman in John of the Order of Premonstrants 17th century ; fine cloister. Gothic-Flamboyant in style, it is richly decorated with Renaissance motifs photos.

A frieze of accolade-shaped arches with crockets runs along the building. Inside the arches, seven pure Renaissance medallions of men and women have been carved. Two small Renaissance angels dated appear below, between the two rectangular windows. On the left side of the building, a pretty dormer-window with triangular pediment breaks the monotony of the large slated roof, as is customary in civil Gothic architecture.

Two Renaissance medallions of a man and a woman appear on the dormer-window. To the left of the Post-Office, take the Passage Gossart, at the end of which, under a vault, is the gate of a narrow alley leading to a small court. On three sides of the latter is a curious house with wooden walls built about the year by a rich cloth merchant, Nicolas Fauvel, mayor of the city.

This house, known as the House of the White Gable, is shown at F on the detailed plan. Abutting on the main building, which is the original structure, a kind of corbel-work gable was added over the exit from the Passage Gossart. This was probably used by the mayor as a tribune from which to harangue the people gathered together in the courtyard. At the outside corner, a console terminating in a flying angel forms a pendative, and is decorated with curious carving depicting a man in the dress of a 15th century burgess, having three heads.

One of his feet is bare, the other shod. On the opposite console is the figure of a man on horseback, probably Nicolas Fauvel, wearing the mayoral robes of Amiens. The lower portion only is old. Its heavy 18th century steeple contains a bell weighing eleven tons. Germain, at the corner of which is St.

A fine building in the Flamboyant style, dating from the middle of the 15th century, it was seriously damaged by a bomb which fell in the Rue St. Germain on the night of the 13thth May, , destroying five houses. Although the main body of the building remained standing, most of the ornamental carving was broken and the doorway torn open, while all the stained glass was destroyed, together with the greater part of the mullions of the windows.

Inside, the vaults were pierced in several places. Part of the ornamental carving is of great delicacy, but the statues are modern. The door is of wood with Renaissance carvings. A square tower leaning towards the North flanks the doorway. The interior of the church is beautifully proportioned and very simple in arrangement. The choir, slightly more modern than the nave, dates from The lateral chapels contain some 16th century stained glass and a reproduction of the Burial Scene dated Skirt the church by following the Rue St.

Cross the Square diagonally on the right, then take the Rue des Vergeaux. In this street Nos. Pure Renaissance in style and dating from , it is the finest and best preserved house in the old town photo opposite. The ground-floor comprises two broken-arch arcades, each of whose tympanums is ornamented with two semi-recumbent figures of women.

A frieze ornamented with medallions of Roman warriors extends between the ground-floor and first-floor. Martin, which is at the right-hand corner. A shell caused rather serious damage to the left-hand window on the first floor of the former. At the end of the Rue St. Martin take on the left the Rue Flatters, which continues the Rue du Bloc. Leave the latter, taking on the right the Rue des Rinchevaux which leads to the Place des Huchers.

Fine view of old houses and cathedral—photo below. Continue along the Rue du Hocquet and its continuation Rue de la Barette. Visiting is only possible in the long flat-bottomed boats with turned-up ends seen in the photo above.

The soil of these gardens is wonderfully fertile, fruit and vegetable crops succeeding one another unceasingly all the year round. The St. This bridge dates from the fifteenth century, and is the oldest of the many bridges which cross the canals. Cross the bridge, then turn to the left into the Rue Belu, which runs along the river-side.

From here there is a pretty view of the Cathedral and the old town photo below. At the end of the Rue Belu, cross the Pont de la Dodane. In front are the first houses of the curious Rue du Don, seen in the centre of the photo below, and on the right of the photo on p. The tourist may either go round the apsis of the church, taking on the left the small Rue St. Leu which crosses the arm of the river, or continue straight ahead as far as the Rue St.

In the background, Place Parmentier entrance to the Rue du Don. Leu Church hist.

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Eventually, it was agreed that the French would participate, but not launch their attack until 45 minutes after the Fourth Army. For the first time, the Australians would attack side by side with the Canadian Corps. Both had a reputation for aggressive and innovative tactics and a strong record of success over the past two years. The German defenders of Hamel were deeply dug in, and their position commanded a very wide field of fire.

Similar positions had resisted capture for two months in the Battle of the Somme. The Australians had used surprise rather than weight at Hamel. The artillery had opened fire only at the moment the infantry and tanks advanced, and the Germans were rapidly overrun. There was to be no artillery bombardment a significant time before the attack, as was the usual practice, only fire immediately prior to the advance of Australian, Canadian, and British forces.

British sound ranging advances in artillery techniques and aerial photographic reconnaissance made it possible to dispense with "ranging shots" to ensure accurate fire. Budworth had produced a timetable which allowed out of German guns [3] to be hit at "zero hour", while a creeping barrage preceded the infantry. This method was similar to the Feuerwalze which the Germans themselves had used in their Spring Offensive , but its effectiveness was increased by the surprise achieved.

The Canadian and Australian Corps were each allocated a brigade of four battalions, with Mark V fighting tanks , 36 Mark V "Star" , and 24 unarmed tanks intended to carry supplies and ammunition forward. This was a noteworthy achievement and reflected well on the increasingly efficient staff work of the British armies.

A detachment from the Corps of two infantry battalions, a wireless unit and a casualty clearing station had been sent to the front near Ypres to bluff the Germans that the entire Corps was moving north to Flanders. To maintain secrecy, the Allied commanders pasted the notice "Keep Your Mouth Shut" into orders issued to the men, and referred to the action as a "raid" rather than an "offensive".

The German commanders realised in early August that their forces might be forced onto the defensive, though Amiens was not considered to be a likely front. The Germans believed the French would probably attack the Saint-Mihiel front east of Rheims , or in Flanders near Mount Kemmel , while they believed the British would attack along either the Lys or near Albert.

The Allies had indeed mounted a number of local counter-offensives in these sectors, both to gain local objectives to improve their defensive positions and to distract attention from the Amiens sector. German forces began to withdraw from the Lys and other fronts in response to these theories. The Allies maintained equal artillery and air fire along their various fronts, moving troops only at night, and feigning movements during the day to mask their actual intent.

There were only two divisions in immediate reserve. There was some concern among the Allies on 6 August when the German 27th Division actually attacked north of the Somme on part of the front on which the Allies planned to attack two days later. The German division a specially selected and trained Stosstruppen formation penetrated roughly yards m into the one-and-a-half-mile front.

To increase the level of surprise still further, the rumble of the approaching tanks was to be masked by bombers flying up and down the German lines. The bombers were twin engine Handley Page O's whose engines were similar to the tanks. However the 2 RAF squadrons detailed to take part decided it was too hazardous to order planes into the air in the unseasonably dense fog, and asked for volunteers. The French 1st Army under General Debeney opened its preliminary bombardment at the same time, and began its advance 45 minutes later, supported by a battalion of 72 Whippet tanks.

Although the two forces were within metres yd of one another, gas bombardment was very low, as the bulk of the Allied presence was unknown to the Germans. The attack was so unexpected that German forces only began to return fire after five minutes, and even then at the positions where the Allied forces had assembled at the start of the battle and had long since left.

Troops of the 33rd Infantry Division of the U. Army National Guard supported the British attackers north of the Somme. Australian units reached their first objectives by am, and by am, the Australian 4th and 5th Divisions and the Canadian 4th Division passed through the initial breach in the German lines. Aircraft fire by the new RAF and armoured car fire kept the retreating Germans from rallying. The speed of their advance was such that a party of German officers and some divisional staff were captured while eating breakfast.

There was less success north of the river, where the British III Corps had only a single tank battalion in support, the terrain was rougher and the German incursion of 6 August had disrupted some of the preparations. The corps gained its first objectives but was held up short of the Chipilly spur, "a bare seventy-five-foot-high ridge" in an oxbow bend of the Somme near the village of Chipilly.

Total German losses were estimated to be 30, on 8 August. Allied forces had pushed, on average, 11 km 6. Canadian troops supported by an Armoured Autocar go into action at the Battle of Amiens German prisoners guarded by British soldiers of the 58th Division at Sailly Laurette, 8 August A crowd of German prisoners taken by the British Fourth Army in the Battle of Amiens, near Abbeville Second phase The advance continued on 9 August, though without the spectacular results of the first day.

The German division a specially selected and trained Stosstruppen formation penetrated roughly yards m into the one-and-a-half-mile front. To increase the level of surprise still further, the rumble of the approaching tanks was to be masked by bombers flying up and down the German lines. The bombers were twin engine Handley Page O's whose engines were similar to the tanks.

However the 2 RAF squadrons detailed to take part decided it was too hazardous to order planes into the air in the unseasonably dense fog, and asked for volunteers. The French 1st Army under General Debeney opened its preliminary bombardment at the same time, and began its advance 45 minutes later, supported by a battalion of 72 Whippet tanks. Although the two forces were within metres yd of one another, gas bombardment was very low, as the bulk of the Allied presence was unknown to the Germans.

The attack was so unexpected that German forces only began to return fire after five minutes, and even then at the positions where the Allied forces had assembled at the start of the battle and had long since left. Troops of the 33rd Infantry Division of the U. Army National Guard supported the British attackers north of the Somme. Australian units reached their first objectives by am, and by am, the Australian 4th and 5th Divisions and the Canadian 4th Division passed through the initial breach in the German lines.

Aircraft fire by the new RAF and armoured car fire kept the retreating Germans from rallying. The speed of their advance was such that a party of German officers and some divisional staff were captured while eating breakfast. There was less success north of the river, where the British III Corps had only a single tank battalion in support, the terrain was rougher and the German incursion of 6 August had disrupted some of the preparations.

The corps gained its first objectives but was held up short of the Chipilly spur, "a bare seventy-five-foot-high ridge" in an oxbow bend of the Somme near the village of Chipilly. Total German losses were estimated to be 30, on 8 August.

Allied forces had pushed, on average, 11 km 6. Canadian troops supported by an Armoured Autocar go into action at the Battle of Amiens German prisoners guarded by British soldiers of the 58th Division at Sailly Laurette, 8 August A crowd of German prisoners taken by the British Fourth Army in the Battle of Amiens, near Abbeville Second phase The advance continued on 9 August, though without the spectacular results of the first day.

The battle was widened on the north and the south of the initial attack, with the southern part of the battle involving French forces called Battle of Montdidier French : Bataille de Montdidier. The infantry had outrun the supporting artillery, [27] and the initial force of more than tanks that played a large role in the Allied success was reduced to six battle-ready tanks within four days.

The Germans on the ridge commanded a wide field of fire to the south of the Somme, and poured devastating machine gun and artillery fire that kept the Australian Corps pinned down across the river at Hamel. The job of taking Chipilly Ridge was ultimately assigned to 3 battalions of American Doughboys from the 33rd U.

Infantry Division. Omanson, "Their attack took place at p. They repeatedly pressed the assault until the northern half of the ridge and southern end of nearby Gressaire Wood were taken. Continuing the assault the following day, they took the rest of Gressaire Wood and by day's end were in possession of seven hundred German prisoners, thirty artillery pieces, one aircraft, and more than one hundred machine guns.

Division's assault on Chipilly Ridge, Corporal Jake Allex , a Serbian immigrant from Kosovo , took command of his platoon after all the other officers had been killed. Corporal Allex led them in an attack against a German machine gun nest, during which he personally killed five enemy soldiers and captured fifteen prisoners. According to official reports, the Allies had captured nearly 50, prisoners and guns by 27 August. Aftermath A German 7. The Germans had started the war with the Schlieffen Plan before the Race to the Sea slowed movement on the Western Front and the war devolved into trench warfare.

The German spring offensive earlier in had once again given Germany the offensive edge on the Western Front. Armoured support helped the Allies tear a hole through trench lines, weakening once impregnable trench positions: the British Third Army, with no armoured support, had almost no effect on the line, while the Fourth, with fewer than a thousand tanks, broke deep into German territory. On our side the army seems to be buoyed up with the enormous hope of getting on with this business quickly" and that, "there is a change also in the enemy's mind.

They no longer have even a dim hope of victory on this western front. All they hope for now is to defend themselves long enough to gain peace by negotiation. Division were beginning their assault on Chipilly Ridge, American war poet Lt. John Allan Wyeth and Lieut. Thomas J. Cochrane were assigned to deliver sealed orders from Division HQ at Molliens-au-Bois to the Field Headquarters of all three battalions engaged in the attack.